The Department of Justice has begun an initial review to determine
whether large U.S. telecom companies such as AT&T Inc. and Verizon
Communications Inc. have abused the market power they've amassed in
recent years, according to people familiar with the matter.

The review of potential anti-competitive practices is in its very
early stages, and it isn't a formal investigation of any specific
company at this point, the people said. It isn't clear whether the
agency intends to launch an official inquiry.

Among the areas the Justice Department could explore is whether
wireless carriers are hurting smaller competitors by locking up
popular phones through exclusive agreements with handset makers,
according to the people. In recent weeks lawmakers and regulators have
raised questions about deals such as AT&T's exclusive right to provide
service for Apple Inc.'s popular iPhone in the U.S.

The Justice Department may also review whether telecom carriers are
unduly restricting the types of services other companies can offer on
their networks, one person familiar with the situation said.

The scrutiny of the telecom industry is an indication of the Obama
administration's aggressive stance on antitrust enforcement. The
Justice Department's antitrust chief, Christine Varney, has said she
wants to reassert the government's role in policing monopolistic and
anti-competitive practices by powerful companies.

The statute that governs such behavior – the Sherman Antitrust Act –
was used by the government in cases against giants ranging from
Standard Oil to Microsoft Corp. But it lay essentially dormant during
the Bush years, with the agency bringing no major case.

Now Ms. Varney plans to revive that area of U.S. law, and the telecom
industry is among several sectors – including health care and
agriculture – that are coming under scrutiny, the people familiar with
the matter said. She is already tackling one high-tech area by
investigating Google Inc.'s settlement with authors and publishers
over its Book Search product.

Through a spasm of consolidation and organic growth, AT&T and Verizon
have become the two dominant players in telecommunications, with the
largest networks and major clout over equipment makers. Combined, they
control 90 million landline customers and 60% of the 270 million U.S.
wireless subscribers. They also operate large portions of the Internet
backbone, ferrying data across the country and overseas.

A Justice Department spokeswoman declined to comment.

Some antitrust experts said the government would have a tough time
opening a Sherman Act case against telecom providers if it chooses to
do so. To bring a case, the government must show that a company is
abusing its market power.

"It would be a very hard case to make," said Donald Russell, a
Washington attorney who reviewed a number of major telecom mergers as
a DOJ antitrust lawyer in the Clinton Administration. "You don't have
any firm that's in a dominant position. Usually, you need to show a
firm has real market power."